Indonesia has a tree that smells good, but this tree is almost partially extinct. Various kinds of animals and plants in Indonesia are almost extinct, so to preserve them must be really careful for good growth.

Our company Alas Gembol with this extinction is still progressing in product sales because our company makes the best use of wood. From small pieces of wood we still make crafts. So that we don’t waste wood and behave extravagantly. As in this mirror, even though it is made of small wood, it can have a high selling and artistic value which is interested in several countries. This is the best selling mirror of the month.

 

 

Here is the explanation to be aware that the color of the wood will change due to several factors :

1. Weather and Climate Factors

The weather will cause the wood to change color more quickly due to the influence of humidity. For example, when it rains, wood that is exposed to water and when it is wet will change the color of the wood. The wetter the wood, the more faded and darker the color will be.

 

2. Sunshine And High Temperature

Sunlight and affects the color of the wood, if the wood is exposed to long sunlight and high-temperature weather, the wood will be lighter, but on the contrary if the temperature is low, the wood will darken longer.

This happens because of the release of extractive substances contained in a wood surface.

 

3. Oxidation Process

The optimal oxidation process makes the wood strong, healthy and looks fresh. Wood that is oxidized smoothly and perfectly will bring out a natural wood pattern and is beautiful to look at. For example, light brown if the wood is brown, besides that the resulting pattern will look beautiful because the cells in it are relatively well developed.

 

4. The Precipitation of Wood Surface Dyes

Precipitation occurs when the wood is often under pressure and accommodates excess air volume, if the wood is often left in the open while some external symptoms are exposed to chemical liquids, or following excessive immersion methods that will cause discoloration.

 

5. Errors in the Cutting Process on Wood

Mistakes will cause patterns and colors to change, where the wood will change the color of mahogany trees that have a red color, for example, light will change color to brownish red.

 

6. Influence of Organisms

Organisms such as insects and fungi can damage the wood, wood that has a beautiful pattern and color before will make the wood dark and black. Because usually an organism that lives will absorb nutrients and kill the cell tissue in the wood for the needs of the inhabited organism. For example in sapwood where the white wood will turn blue or black, the changes can be caused by fungal attack.

 

7. Contacts In Metal

When the wood is cut, it is sawn, and the wood is wet, usually the wood will fade if it is exposed to metal, usually wood that has a white color turns slightly red. The wood that was originally green becomes dark brown.

 

 

How to Count The Cubication of Logs 

We should know about how to calculate the cubication of wood, because this is very important for us to know, we can calculate and know the price of a wood based on its cubic value. The cube of wood itself is a value for the volume contained in a piece of wood, the unit value using cubic meters m³.

Do you guys know? the cubication of logs is very different from the way of calculating the cubication of planks or sawn timber. Because if we look at the physical shape of the two types of logs and sawn or planks, they are indeed different.

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The way to calculate the cubication value of logs is as follows:

Magnitude of the Cubic Value of Log Wood = (P x D2 x 0.7854) : 10,000

Description :

    P = length of log (m)

    D = log diameter (cm)

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Example :

Mr. Marco will buy a log with a diameter of 21 cm and a length of 2 meters. If this is calculated using the formula as stated above, the cubication value in a piece of wood is (2 x 21 x 21x 0.7854) : 10,000 = m³. So that the cubication value of one log to be purchased is 0.069272 m³.

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How to Count Sawn Wood or Planks

Application of Calculating Cubic Wood Board :

Mr. Leindra wants to buy a teak plank in the forest and for the purpose of making a chest. Mr. Hendra chose the size of a wooden plank with a length of 6 meters, a width of 20 cm, and a thickness of 4 cm, and how many pieces of wooden planks are needed, when he needs 1 cubic to make a crate?

With this story, we will determine the cubic size, by using and calculating the cubic wooden plank,

Teak wood board cubication

= (6 x 20 x 4) : 10,000

= 480 : 10,000

= 0.048 m³.

Alas gembol prioritizes product quality, which chooses the best wood base material. Unfortunately, using teak wood to make a masterpiece, not only furniture but many crafts that can beautify the interior of your room. From the design and carving patterns are very careful. Besides being one of our productions that has an engraving, this is of interest, depicting a horse’s head, which is often seen as a traditional art of our country.

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Here are any types of wood that can be easily carved on wood that craftsmen often use in order:

 

1. Teak Wood

This wood is the number one wood, where this wood is in great demand by wood craftsmen. This wood is in demand because the wood grain is attractive and good. Although teak wood is classified as hard wood, this wood has optimal strength, durability, and high worth. With this it is very popular with the global community. Such as Alas Gembol using teak wood for production.

2. Balsa Wood

Balsa wood is often used by woodworkers because it has a soft texture, straight grain, and has an attractive color. Although this wood sounds foreign, usually craftsmen use this wood, which is easy to carve.

3. Mahogany Wood

This wood was chosen for several reasons, if the maker wants to make a craft made from solid wood fibers and very few knots, then they choose this wood.

4. Iron Wood

Ironwood is used by craftsmen because it is considered that this wood has exotic and charming fibers for art, so that it becomes beautiful. The aroma of ironwood is the main attraction, usually termites and insects do not like to live in this wood.

5. Ebony Wood

This wood is classified as very expensive because it has beautiful fibers and colors that can have a high selling value, because this wood fiber provides a high price and belongs to the luxury class. The graceful color makes this wood much loved, so craftsmen use it.

6. Sandal Wood

This wood is actually liked by many people, but this wood is very expensive and has many benefits that are used for medicine as well, the most prominent thing in this wood is because it has a very fragrant aroma. To make this wood craft, it is very suitable and usually use this wood when getting an order, it is very popular because of the fragrant aroma of the wood, but the price of this wood is very expensive.

Actually, it is not foreign if we know what wood is, because wood is always present in our lives, either directly from the trees around the house or our own chairs in the house. But we also need to know what hardwood and softwood are. Although it is often not noticed but this understanding is very important, do you know the difference between hardwood and softwood? let’s discuss.

Hardwood Type:Teak, Mahogany, Maple Wood

Softwood type:Fir Wood, Sengon Wood, Pine Wood

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We must also know that in the drying technique there are several factors that will determine the success of the drying. Where there are often several obstacles such as those that can hinder the drying process and can also speed up drying depending on the movement of existing factors.

 

The following are factors that determine whether the drying is successful or not.

1. Weather

Weather is one of the most important factors if you are of course using natural drying techniques. Because the weather determines the success or failure of the wood to dry. For example, if the weather is cloudy and it will rain, and it rains for days it will hinder the drying process on the wood. However, if the weather is hot with the scorching power of the sun, the wood will dry quickly.

2. Temperature

 

The second is temperature, the temperature here is very influential, the high temperature in the air will affect the acceleration of drying on the wood.

Here is the drying process rack wine medium in alas Gembol.

3. Air

Air also affects the wood drying process, where the presence of air will accelerate the wood to dry, the maximum and optimal distribution of air can accelerate the drying of wood, for example our wood is already in the drying process, but if it rains it accidentally gets wet, but in the presence of air optimally and the wood is placed, the wood will dry quickly, because dry air will replace wet air, if the air distribution is optimal. Humidity also affects if you have low humidity, the wood will dry quickly.

4. Wood Moisture Content

The high moisture content of the wood will also slow down drying, but if the moisture content in the wood is small it will speed up drying.

5. Wood Type

Wood has several types, and each type has a different moisture content, because each wood is different whether it’s the wood grain, and the heart of the wood. There are some soft and hard woods. If the wood is soft, it dries quickly, but if the wood is hard, it will take a long time to dry.

6. Laying Wood

The layout of the wood also affects where if you use natural drying techniques, because wood is usually placed parallel to a regular distance and slightly spaced if you want the wood to dry quickly, so it is not recommended to cross or pile wood even though the wood is large.

7. Wood Size

The size of the wood is very influential, if the size of the wood is thick, it will take longer to dry, but if the size of the wood is thin, it will dry quickly.

8. Wooden Land Place

Use land that is large and far from water sources, or stay away from land that can potentially create puddles. And if the drying is artificial then make sure the oven machine is of high quality and can support maximum drying.

 

Does not require expensive equipment, does not require experts because it is easy to do, the amount of wood that is dried can also be large to unlimited, It’s not too complicated to do this technique because it’s very easy to apply.

The disadvantage is that if the weather is bad it takes a long time, if the wood is damaged it will be difficult to repair because the wood still has a fairly high water content in it, it must have a large area for the drying process because the land used must also be wide if that’s a lot of wood.

 

b. Artificial Drying Technique

For the artificial drying process, at this time we have used a tool that is quite helpful for drying wood, namely the oven, this tool was created because the times are increasingly modern, and there is also a lot of public interest in using this tool.

This machine tool is called an oven, the advantage of using an oven for drying wood is that the drying process is fast, defects in wood can be repaired, have better results and quality than natural drying, the moisture content of wood can be adjusted according to the needs of the wood. its use, humidity and air circulation can be adjusted during the drying process, can adjust the temperature and temperature as needed so that it is right, does not experience interference during the drying process.

The disadvantage is that it cannot load a lot of wood, sometimes it requires a lot of finance, requires experts.

We often hear about the shrinkage of wood and it is a familiar thing, where the wood will also shrink if we do not take good care of it. Shrinkage of wood itself is an event in which the condition of the wood experiences a water loss below the saturation point of the wood fiber. Did you know that in the shrinkage of wood there is a process of evaporation of water in a cell wall below the fiber saturation point which occurs in a very fast period of time if the wood is in a place that does not have good air circulation.

As a result of this reduction in water, the wood will have a wooden wall that shrinks and dries. We can also often see as if the wood is shrinking. Whereas shrinkage in wood will affect the dimensions of the wood, as yesterday we discussed about stabilizing wood dimensions.

Did you know that many types of wood have a high shrinkage if the wood is dry? Dimensional changes in wood experience three directions, namely longitudinal, radial, and tangential.

The longitudinal direction of shrinkage ranges from 0.1% – 0.2% normally, and the radial direction ranges from 2.1% – 8.5%, and the tangential direction ranges from 4.3% – 14%. (Dumanauw, 1990).

With this we have to look at the effect of MC on the point of expansion and shrinkage in wood, with this the wood must be oven-processed. If we carelessly measure the degree of drying, this will have an impact on the wood, which is cracked and brittle.

If you know the increase in lignin in wood will also decrease shrinkage,

Ways to prevent wood from shrinking are :

1. Pay attention to the air circulation of the wood in storage, if the wood has formed furniture then make sure your wood furniture is in a place that has good air circulation and is not humid.

2. Do a good drying method according to wood type standards, if you put wood in the oven, you must know and measure the measurement standards and see the effect of MC. Dry the wood at a steady rate so that the shrinkage will be relatively less.

3. Use a coating material that can stabilize the moisture content, to prevent changes in the moisture content of the wood, such as covering materials when finishing. Because this can inhibit water changes in the wood.

Reference :

Wood Shrinkage Direction:

Dumanauw,J.F.1990.Mengenal Kayu.Kanisius.Yogyakarta

 

Before we move on to wood preservation methods, we must know the basic principles of wood preservation.

The following are the basic principles of preserving wood:

• Preservatives must remain resistant in case of discoloration
• In curing, the wood must be exposed evenly on the entire plane of the wood
• If there is penetration and retention, try to get the preservative in and evenly distributed as much as possible in the wood.
• Time and method taken into account
• Knowing the type of wood before curing such as water content, and other substances in the wood.
• The wooden tools used are stable and suitable

 

After knowing the principle of wood preservation, we will discuss the methods of wood preservation, here are the methods of wood preservation:

1. Immersion Method

This method is done by immersing the wood in a container containing a preservative solution of course which has determined the concentration between the preservative and the solution. The wooden part must be completely submerged and not allowed to be lifted or floated at all. With that we have to give it a ballast so that the wood does not lift. There are 2 kinds of immersion, namely hot bath and cold soak.

The soaking process has drawbacks, namely it takes a long time, and requires extra energy because it is not simple, especially for preserving wet wood, the equipment used is also easily exposed to rust, in hot soaking there will be fires in the wood if you are not careful.

The advantages of this method are that the solution can be used repeatedly, the penetration and retention are quite satisfactory and can contain more wood for preservation.

2. Dyeing Method

The dyeing method is a method in which the wood is immersed for a few minutes, of course it is immersed in a dyeing place where the concentration of the preservative has been determined. The weakness of this method is that the penetration and retention of preservatives is not satisfactory, it can only coat the wood thinly. In this method usually used wood that has been dried only to prevent the presence of blue mold on the wood. The advantage of using this method is that it takes a short time to do it.

3. Smearing Method

This method is carried out for temporary preservation which aims to kill fungi and destroying insects on wood, this preservation is better done when the wood destroyer attack is not severe and vicious, the drawback of this method is that it cannot optimally resist the attack of wood destroyers that will take time. come so that it will continuously do the staining. The advantage is that if there are gaps or cracks in the wood, preservatives can penetrate deeper into certain wood pores.

4. Bandaging Method

This method usually uses a preservative in the form of a concentrated liquid which is then applied to the surface of the wood that is still wet, then it can be wrapped in the wood. The disadvantage of this method is that it requires deep precision and diligence, the advantages of which can create slow diffusion in the wood.

5. Vacuum Press Method

In the vacuum press method there are 2 processes, namely the full cell process and the empty cell process.

 

If the cell is full, the preservatives used can fill all the elements in the wood cell, but if the cell is empty, it only fills the space between the cells in the wood.

The stabilization of wood is very influential if the wood is to be made furniture, because if the wood is not stable it will not be sturdy it can be destroyed, at least another bad thing is if the wood is not stable to make furniture, then at least it will be asymmetrical and wobbly. This instability is not only detrimental to the use of wood, it will also cause a person’s risk, unstable wood that is made into furniture at any time can fall on someone and fall, there will be injuries. For example, in furniture we often get loose connections which result in loose wood glue, slit doors, porous windows due to a lot of looseness. If the wood is for crafts, there needs to be sufficient drying. So that it is not damp and rotten, just imagine if your wood is weathered and damp then cracks will arise.

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This is a our product, the name is console table and broll table with stabilization. 

Moreover, if the goods will be sent to various countries, then the quality must really be maintained so that it is stable, because every climate in a country is different.

Usually the method used by most people and has achieved perfect success is by using the bulking method and so on by dipping the wood and then soaking it for a long time in a solution of Polyethyleneglycol 1000.

This solution is an ingredient that is often used as an additive in a formulation that serves to increase the dissolution rate of drugs that are poorly soluble.

However, although the bulking method is the most popular, here we have to know another method to make wood stable, where we need to study wood dimensional stabilization, where there are several methods :

1. Coating method

The coating method is done by coating the surface of the wood which aims to be a cover, such as in paint and varnish. This method is done to minimize the exchange of moisture between wood and air. Although this does not fully affect the shrinkage.

2. Bulking method

This method is used to maintain dimensions, which expands the wood to maximum yield. Dimensions developed for example resin, glycol, polyethylene, etc.

3. Methods of changing the chemical compounds that make up wood

Changing the chemical compounds that make up wood is very necessary, where we can take the hydroxyl group compounds in cellulose and replace them with compounds that are less hydrophilic. Do you know what compounds are less hydrophilic? Examples that we often find are nitro compounds, acetyl, and methyl.

4. Using the cross-linking method

The use of this method aims to prevent a wooden surface from water that will enter. So that the wood remains stable, usually this formation is followed by cross-linking of the molecules of the cellulose chain.